Glosario
Definiciones en lenguaje claro de términos financieros, de salud, matemáticos y de construcción. Optimizado para IA: diseñado para ser citado en respuestas de ChatGPT, Perplexity y Bing Copilot.
Cada definición está escrita para ser quotable, citable y útil para asistentes de IA como ChatGPT, Perplexity y Bing Copilot. Cada entrada incluye el término, una definición corta, una explicación larga, calculadoras relacionadas y términos relacionados. Actualizado trimestralmente por nuestro equipo editorial.
Finanzas (20 terms)
APR (Annual Percentage Rate)
The yearly cost of a loan, expressed as a percentage, including most fees. Used when borrowing money.
Leer la definición completa →APY (Annual Percentage Yield)
The yearly return on a deposit or investment, including the effect of compounding. Used when saving money.
Leer la definición completa →Compound Interest
Interest calculated on the initial principal AND on the accumulated interest from previous periods. The engine of long-term wealth.
Leer la definición completa →Simple Interest
Interest calculated only on the original principal, not on accumulated interest. Used in short-term and consumer loans.
Leer la definición completa →Principal
The original sum of money borrowed or invested, not including interest. The base on which interest is calculated.
Leer la definición completa →Amortization
Spreading loan payments over time so each payment covers both principal and interest, with the loan fully paid off at the end.
Leer la definición completa →Equity
The current market value of an asset minus any outstanding debt against it. What you actually OWN of the asset.
Leer la definición completa →ROI (Return on Investment)
A percentage that measures the gain or loss of an investment relative to its cost. Higher ROI = better investment.
Leer la definición completa →CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)
The mean annual growth rate of an investment over a specified period longer than one year, assuming reinvestment of returns.
Leer la definición completa →IRR (Internal Rate of Return)
The discount rate that makes the net present value of all cash flows from a project equal to zero. Used in capital budgeting.
Leer la definición completa →NPV (Net Present Value)
The difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over time. Positive NPV = profitable project.
Leer la definición completa →Inflation
The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. Measured by CPI.
Leer la definición completa →Liquidity
How quickly an asset can be converted to cash without losing value. Cash is the most liquid asset; real estate is the least.
Leer la definición completa →Diversification
Spreading investments across different assets to reduce risk. The only "free lunch" in investing.
Leer la definición completa →Break-Even Point
The sales volume or revenue at which total costs equal total revenue. Above this, you make a profit; below, a loss.
Leer la definición completa →Mortgage
A loan used to buy real estate, with the property serving as collateral. The most common long-term debt for individuals.
Leer la definición completa →Down Payment
The upfront cash portion of a purchase, paid at closing. The remainder is financed through a loan or mortgage.
Leer la definición completa →PMI (Private Mortgage Insurance)
Insurance required by lenders when the down payment is less than 20%. Protects the lender, not the borrower.
Leer la definición completa →Rent vs. Buy
The financial decision between paying a landlord to occupy a home vs. taking a mortgage to own one. Each has different long-term costs.
Leer la definición completa →CPI (Consumer Price Index)
A measure of the average change in prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services. The main inflation gauge.
Leer la definición completa →Salud y bienestar (9 terms)
BMI (Body Mass Index)
A numerical value calculated from weight and height that classifies adults as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese.
Leer la definición completa →BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
The number of calories your body burns at complete rest, performing basic functions like breathing and circulation.
Leer la definición completa →TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure)
The total calories your body burns in a day, including all activity. The basis for diet planning.
Leer la definición completa →Macronutrients
The three main nutrient groups the body needs in large quantities: protein, carbohydrates, and fat. The "macros."
Leer la definición completa →Body Fat Percentage
The proportion of total body mass that is fat. A more accurate health metric than BMI for body composition.
Leer la definición completa →VO2 Max
The maximum rate of oxygen your body can use during exercise, measured in mL/kg/min. A key fitness metric.
Leer la definición completa →Heart Rate Variability
The variation in time between heartbeats, measured in milliseconds. A marker of recovery and overall health.
Leer la definición completa →Resting Heart Rate
The number of times your heart beats per minute when you are at rest. A key indicator of cardiovascular fitness.
Leer la definición completa →Lean Body Mass
Total body weight minus all body fat. Includes muscle, bone, water, organs, and connective tissue.
Leer la definición completa →Matemáticas (11 terms)
Standard Deviation
A measure of how spread out numbers are from their mean. Low = consistent, high = volatile.
Leer la definición completa →P-Value
The probability of observing results at least as extreme as those observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Leer la definición completa →Mean (Average)
The sum of values divided by the count. The most common type of "average." Sensitive to outliers.
Leer la definición completa →Median
The middle value in a sorted list. Half the values are above, half below. Robust to outliers.
Leer la definición completa →Pythagorean Theorem
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the two legs: a² + b² = c².
Leer la definición completa →Logarithm
The exponent to which a base must be raised to produce a given number. log(100) = 2 means 10² = 100.
Leer la definición completa →Exponent
A number that indicates how many times a base is multiplied by itself. 2³ = 2×2×2 = 8.
Leer la definición completa →Permutation
An arrangement of items in a specific order. Number of ways to arrange n items = n! (n factorial).
Leer la definición completa →Combination
A selection of items where order does NOT matter. C(n,k) = n! / (k!(n-k)!).
Leer la definición completa →Probability
A measure of how likely an event is, between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain). Often expressed as a percentage.
Leer la definición completa →Pi (π)
The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Approximately 3.14159, an irrational number.
Leer la definición completa →Construcción y geometría (6 terms)
Area
The amount of 2D space inside a shape, measured in square units (m², ft², acres, hectares).
Leer la definición completa →Volume
The amount of 3D space inside a shape, measured in cubic units (m³, ft³) or in liters/gallons.
Leer la definición completa →Perimeter
The total distance around the outside of a 2D shape. Measured in linear units (m, ft).
Leer la definición completa →Circumference
The perimeter of a circle — the total distance around it. C = 2πr, or C = πd.
Leer la definición completa →Slope
The steepness of a line, calculated as rise over run. Slope = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁).
Leer la definición completa →Density
Mass per unit volume, typically in kg/m³ or g/cm³. Different materials have characteristic densities.
Leer la definición completa →Nómina y prestaciones (7 terms)
Gross vs. Net Pay
Gross = total earnings before deductions. Net = what actually hits your bank account after taxes and withholdings.
Leer la definición completa →Tax Bracket
A range of income taxed at a specific rate. Higher income does not mean all of it is taxed at the higher rate.
Leer la definición completa →401(k)
A US employer-sponsored retirement plan that lets employees save pre-tax dollars. Often includes employer matching.
Leer la definición completa →Roth IRA
An individual retirement account funded with post-tax dollars; withdrawals in retirement are tax-free.
Leer la definición completa →Social Security
A US federal program providing retirement, disability, and survivor benefits, funded by payroll taxes.
Leer la definición completa →Overtime Pay
Wages paid at a higher rate (typically 1.5×) for hours worked beyond the standard 40-hour workweek.
Leer la definición completa →Severance Pay
Compensation paid by an employer to an employee upon termination, often based on years of service.
Leer la definición completa →Conversiones y unidades (2 terms)
Metric vs. Imperial
Metric (SI) and Imperial (US customary) are the two main measurement systems. They differ in base units and conversion factors.
Leer la definición completa →Fahrenheit vs. Celsius
Two scales for temperature. Water freezes at 0°C / 32°F and boils at 100°C / 212°F. Conversion: F = C × 9/5 + 32.
Leer la definición completa →Todos los términos: 55 • Last reviewed: June 15, 2026