Glossaire
Définitions en langage clair des termes financiers, de santé, mathématiques et de construction. Optimisé pour l'IA : conçu pour être cité dans les réponses de ChatGPT, Perplexity et Bing Copilot.
Chaque définition est écrite pour être citée et utile pour les assistants IA comme ChatGPT, Perplexity et Bing Copilot. Chaque entrée comprend le terme, une définition courte, une explication longue, des calculatrices liées et des termes liés. Mis à jour trimestriellement par notre équipe éditoriale.
Finances (20 terms)
APR (Annual Percentage Rate)
The yearly cost of a loan, expressed as a percentage, including most fees. Used when borrowing money.
Lire la définition complète →APY (Annual Percentage Yield)
The yearly return on a deposit or investment, including the effect of compounding. Used when saving money.
Lire la définition complète →Compound Interest
Interest calculated on the initial principal AND on the accumulated interest from previous periods. The engine of long-term wealth.
Lire la définition complète →Simple Interest
Interest calculated only on the original principal, not on accumulated interest. Used in short-term and consumer loans.
Lire la définition complète →Principal
The original sum of money borrowed or invested, not including interest. The base on which interest is calculated.
Lire la définition complète →Amortization
Spreading loan payments over time so each payment covers both principal and interest, with the loan fully paid off at the end.
Lire la définition complète →Equity
The current market value of an asset minus any outstanding debt against it. What you actually OWN of the asset.
Lire la définition complète →ROI (Return on Investment)
A percentage that measures the gain or loss of an investment relative to its cost. Higher ROI = better investment.
Lire la définition complète →CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)
The mean annual growth rate of an investment over a specified period longer than one year, assuming reinvestment of returns.
Lire la définition complète →IRR (Internal Rate of Return)
The discount rate that makes the net present value of all cash flows from a project equal to zero. Used in capital budgeting.
Lire la définition complète →NPV (Net Present Value)
The difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over time. Positive NPV = profitable project.
Lire la définition complète →Inflation
The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. Measured by CPI.
Lire la définition complète →Liquidity
How quickly an asset can be converted to cash without losing value. Cash is the most liquid asset; real estate is the least.
Lire la définition complète →Diversification
Spreading investments across different assets to reduce risk. The only "free lunch" in investing.
Lire la définition complète →Break-Even Point
The sales volume or revenue at which total costs equal total revenue. Above this, you make a profit; below, a loss.
Lire la définition complète →Mortgage
A loan used to buy real estate, with the property serving as collateral. The most common long-term debt for individuals.
Lire la définition complète →Down Payment
The upfront cash portion of a purchase, paid at closing. The remainder is financed through a loan or mortgage.
Lire la définition complète →PMI (Private Mortgage Insurance)
Insurance required by lenders when the down payment is less than 20%. Protects the lender, not the borrower.
Lire la définition complète →Rent vs. Buy
The financial decision between paying a landlord to occupy a home vs. taking a mortgage to own one. Each has different long-term costs.
Lire la définition complète →CPI (Consumer Price Index)
A measure of the average change in prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services. The main inflation gauge.
Lire la définition complète →Santé et bien-être (9 terms)
BMI (Body Mass Index)
A numerical value calculated from weight and height that classifies adults as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese.
Lire la définition complète →BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
The number of calories your body burns at complete rest, performing basic functions like breathing and circulation.
Lire la définition complète →TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure)
The total calories your body burns in a day, including all activity. The basis for diet planning.
Lire la définition complète →Macronutrients
The three main nutrient groups the body needs in large quantities: protein, carbohydrates, and fat. The "macros."
Lire la définition complète →Body Fat Percentage
The proportion of total body mass that is fat. A more accurate health metric than BMI for body composition.
Lire la définition complète →VO2 Max
The maximum rate of oxygen your body can use during exercise, measured in mL/kg/min. A key fitness metric.
Lire la définition complète →Heart Rate Variability
The variation in time between heartbeats, measured in milliseconds. A marker of recovery and overall health.
Lire la définition complète →Resting Heart Rate
The number of times your heart beats per minute when you are at rest. A key indicator of cardiovascular fitness.
Lire la définition complète →Lean Body Mass
Total body weight minus all body fat. Includes muscle, bone, water, organs, and connective tissue.
Lire la définition complète →Mathématiques (11 terms)
Standard Deviation
A measure of how spread out numbers are from their mean. Low = consistent, high = volatile.
Lire la définition complète →P-Value
The probability of observing results at least as extreme as those observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Lire la définition complète →Mean (Average)
The sum of values divided by the count. The most common type of "average." Sensitive to outliers.
Lire la définition complète →Median
The middle value in a sorted list. Half the values are above, half below. Robust to outliers.
Lire la définition complète →Pythagorean Theorem
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the two legs: a² + b² = c².
Lire la définition complète →Logarithm
The exponent to which a base must be raised to produce a given number. log(100) = 2 means 10² = 100.
Lire la définition complète →Exponent
A number that indicates how many times a base is multiplied by itself. 2³ = 2×2×2 = 8.
Lire la définition complète →Permutation
An arrangement of items in a specific order. Number of ways to arrange n items = n! (n factorial).
Lire la définition complète →Combination
A selection of items where order does NOT matter. C(n,k) = n! / (k!(n-k)!).
Lire la définition complète →Probability
A measure of how likely an event is, between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain). Often expressed as a percentage.
Lire la définition complète →Pi (π)
The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Approximately 3.14159, an irrational number.
Lire la définition complète →Construction et géométrie (6 terms)
Area
The amount of 2D space inside a shape, measured in square units (m², ft², acres, hectares).
Lire la définition complète →Volume
The amount of 3D space inside a shape, measured in cubic units (m³, ft³) or in liters/gallons.
Lire la définition complète →Perimeter
The total distance around the outside of a 2D shape. Measured in linear units (m, ft).
Lire la définition complète →Circumference
The perimeter of a circle — the total distance around it. C = 2πr, or C = πd.
Lire la définition complète →Slope
The steepness of a line, calculated as rise over run. Slope = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁).
Lire la définition complète →Density
Mass per unit volume, typically in kg/m³ or g/cm³. Different materials have characteristic densities.
Lire la définition complète →Paie et avantages (7 terms)
Gross vs. Net Pay
Gross = total earnings before deductions. Net = what actually hits your bank account after taxes and withholdings.
Lire la définition complète →Tax Bracket
A range of income taxed at a specific rate. Higher income does not mean all of it is taxed at the higher rate.
Lire la définition complète →401(k)
A US employer-sponsored retirement plan that lets employees save pre-tax dollars. Often includes employer matching.
Lire la définition complète →Roth IRA
An individual retirement account funded with post-tax dollars; withdrawals in retirement are tax-free.
Lire la définition complète →Social Security
A US federal program providing retirement, disability, and survivor benefits, funded by payroll taxes.
Lire la définition complète →Overtime Pay
Wages paid at a higher rate (typically 1.5×) for hours worked beyond the standard 40-hour workweek.
Lire la définition complète →Severance Pay
Compensation paid by an employer to an employee upon termination, often based on years of service.
Lire la définition complète →Conversions et unités (2 terms)
Metric vs. Imperial
Metric (SI) and Imperial (US customary) are the two main measurement systems. They differ in base units and conversion factors.
Lire la définition complète →Fahrenheit vs. Celsius
Two scales for temperature. Water freezes at 0°C / 32°F and boils at 100°C / 212°F. Conversion: F = C × 9/5 + 32.
Lire la définition complète →Tous les termes: 55 • Last reviewed: June 15, 2026